Budget Misappropriation Was the Most Common Corruption Modus Operandi in 2022

Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) has revealed several modus operandi of corruption cases throughout 2022.

The most common modus operandi used by suspects was the misuse of government funds, with 303 cases. This resulted in an estimated state loss of Rp17.8 trillion. ICW stated that this modus operandi involved the use of funds not in accordance with their intended purpose, whether for government work or the interests of the people.

Second, fictitious activities or projects totaled 91 cases, resulting in an estimated state loss of Rp543.89 billion.

Third was mark-up, or budget inflation, with 59 cases. The estimated state loss from this was significantly higher than that of fictitious projects, reaching Rp879.37 billion.

ICW noted that the dominance of these three modus operandi indicates weaknesses in the state's oversight system in development activities and a massive indication of corruption related to procurement processes. "Because, if examined further, out of 579 corruption cases, 250 cases or 43 percent involved procurement of goods and services," wrote ICW in its report.

The following are the modus operandi used by perpetrators of corruption throughout 2022:

* Misuse of funds: 303 cases
* Fictitious activities/projects: 91 cases
* Mark-up: 59 cases
* Fictitious reports: 51 cases
* Extortion: 24 cases
* Trading influence (exploiting networks and power): 19 cases
* Deductions/cutbacks: 18 cases
* Issuance of illegal permits: 12 cases
* Deceiving witnesses: 2 cases
* Total: 579 cases