164 people became victims of agrarian conflicts in 2020.

The Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA) notes that 164 people were victims of criminalization and violence stemming from agrarian conflicts throughout 2020. Of that number, 11 men died.

134 people—132 men and 2 women—experienced criminalization. Furthermore, 19 people—15 men and 4 women—experienced physical violence or assault.

In addition, 46 cases of criminalization and violence in agrarian conflict areas last year were perpetrated by the police. The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) were responsible for 22 cases of criminalization and violence in agrarian conflicts.

There were also 20 cases of criminalization and violence in agrarian conflicts perpetrated by private security forces. Nine cases were committed by the Satpol PP (regional regulation enforcement agency).

This situation has created a multifaceted crisis for farmers, indigenous communities, fishermen, and other small communities in agrarian conflict zones. On the one hand, they face health, economic, and food crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On the other hand, they must defend their villages and livelihoods against agrarian conflicts. They are even risking their lives to defend their land rights.