Based on a report by the Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA), 295 agrarian conflicts occurred in Indonesia throughout 2024.
This number represents a 21.9% surge compared to 2023, which recorded 241 cases.
All agrarian conflicts in 2024 involved 1.1 million hectares (ha) of land and affected 67,436 households across 349 villages.
Conflicts were most prevalent in the plantation sector, with 111 cases covering 170,210 ha and impacting 27,455 households.
Of these cases, 67% stemmed from the palm oil industry.
"The high number of agrarian conflicts each year in the plantation sector reflects our economy's over-reliance on plantation businesses, primarily the palm oil industry," wrote the KPA in its report.
Next, there were 79 agrarian conflicts in the infrastructure sector. These conflicts arose from the acceleration of national strategic projects (PSN), the construction of railways, toll roads, highways, irrigation systems, and social and public facilities.
Agrarian conflicts also occurred in the mining sector (41 cases), property (25 cases), forestry (25 cases), agriculture/agribusiness (8 cases), and military facilities (6 cases).
Regionally, the highest number of agrarian conflicts occurred in South Sulawesi (37 cases), North Sumatra (32 cases), West Java (16 cases), East Kalimantan (16 cases), and East Java (15 cases).