Jakarta Air Quality Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups at Night: Last 8 Hours Summary (Sunday, December 31, 2023)

Jakarta's air quality at 7 PM WIB on Sunday, December 31, 2023, was recorded as unhealthy, with PM2.5 concentrations 2.8 times the WHO's safe standard. This concentration is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) page, Jakarta's average air quality index was 84, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 42.6 µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic meter) at 7 PM WIB.

The WHO's standard for good air quality has a 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration range of 0 to 15 µg/m³.

Over the past 8 hours, Jakarta's air quality has been consistently unhealthy for sensitive groups between 11 AM and 7 PM WIB.

The lowest PM2.5 concentration in Jakarta's air was 42.0 µg/m³ at 6 PM WIB, while the highest concentration was 45.2 µg/m³ at 11 AM WIB.

Quoting the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), PM2.5 are small airborne particles measuring less than 2.5 microns, or about 3% of the diameter of a human hair.

Sources of PM2.5 include emissions from the combustion of gasoline, oil, wood, and other fuels. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can lead to premature death, chronic heart and lung diseases, and reduced lung function in children.

For information, BMKG categorizes PM2.5 air pollution levels as follows:

* Good: 0 - 15.5 µg/m³
* Moderate: 15.6 - 55.4 µg/m³
* Unhealthy: 55.5 - 150.4 µg/m³
* Very Unhealthy: 150.5 - 250.4 µg/m³
* Hazardous: >250.5 µg/m³